Who Pays for Tariffs? New Economic Research Challenges Conventional Wisdom on the 2025 Trade Policies

By Tax Foundation Analysis Desk The debate over who ultimately bears the financial burden of international trade barriers has long divided economists, policymakers, and business leaders. Conventional economic modeling has frequently suggested that when the United States imposes tariffs on foreign goods, the domestic economy pays the overwhelming price—often calculated as a near-complete pass-through to…

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Navigating the Fiscal Cliff: Tax Foundation Releases Comprehensive Guide to Federal Tax Reform and Deficit Reduction

WASHINGTON — As annual federal budget deficits approach an alarming $2urillion threshold, lawmakers in Washington are increasingly looking toward the federal tax code to generate revenue and stabilize the national debt. Amid this fiscal pressure, the Tax Foundation has released its flagship resource, Options for Reforming America’s Tax Code 3.0: A Policymaker’s Guide to Tax…

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Looking Back at the "Better Way" Blueprint: A Decade of Tax Reform, the Legacy of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and the Road Ahead

Main Facts A decade has passed since House Speaker Paul Ryan and Ways and Means Committee Chairman Kevin Brady unveiled the "Better Way" tax reform blueprint—a sweeping legislative framework that laid the intellectual and structural groundwork for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017. As the most comprehensive overhaul of the United States…

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Digital Advertising Taxes on Shaky Legal Ground: Maryland Ruling Threatens Policies Nationwide

By Tax Policy Desk Analysis Published in collaboration with policy research updates Main Facts The landscape of state-level digital taxation is facing an existential crisis following a landmark court ruling in Maryland that struck down the nation’s first digital advertising tax. While Utah, Maryland, and Illinois share little in common regarding their geographic locations, political…

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Navigating the Crypto Tax Labyrinth: House Proposals and the Push to Modernize Digital Asset Taxation in 2026

Main Facts: The Evolution of Crypto Taxation As cryptocurrency firmly establishes itself in the mainstream financial ecosystem—with recent estimates indicating that roughly one in five U.S. adults now utilize or invest in digital assets—the intersection of blockchain technology and federal tax policy has reached a critical juncture. The explosive growth of the digital asset market,…

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The Return of the Windfall Tax: How European Energy and Banking Levies are Reshaping Fiscal Policy

As the European Union economy continues to navigate a turbulent global landscape—recovering from the severe energy price shock triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine while facing renewed geopolitical tensions in the Middle East—policymakers are once again turning to familiar interventionist measures. With oil and gas supplies constrained and energy prices creeping upward, interest in "windfall…

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Financial Literacy’s Missing Link: Why the U.S. Education System Is Failing Students by Ignoring Taxes

As families across the United States dust off backpacks, purchase notebooks, and prepare for the annual return to the classroom, a quiet revolution is taking place in American education. Personal finance education—once relegated to an elective status or ignored entirely—is finally gaining the institutional momentum it has long deserved. This fall, 30 states have enacted…

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Reengineering the U.S. Tax Code: The Economic Promise and Complex Realities of a Destination-Based Cash Flow Tax

As policymakers continually search for structural solutions to tame the national deficit while simultaneously stimulating economic vitality, tax economists have increasingly directed their attention toward sweeping foundational overhauls. Among the most ambitious proposals featured in the latest edition of the Tax Foundation’s Options for Reforming America’s Tax Code 3.0: A Policymaker’s Guide to Tax Reform…

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Rethinking the Corporate Tax Base: Why Full Expensing Cannot Justify an 80 Percent Rate

Main Facts A provocative upcoming paper in the Tax Law Review, titled “Taxation and Deglobalization” by prominent legal scholar Reuven Avi-Yonah, has ignited a fierce debate among economists and tax policy analysts. Avi-Yonah argues that if governments implement comprehensive structural reforms to the corporate tax base—specifically incorporating full expensing for capital investments and measures to…

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